![]() It is a 10-item observer-rating scale, also available as self-rated instrument. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) is the most widely used severity rating scale for OCD in both adults and children and is considered a gold standard instrument to measure severity of OCD. Therefore treatment of OCD with SSRIs and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)/behavior therapy (BT) may have to be considered although there is not much of systematic evidence supporting their efficacy in treatment of OCD in schizophrenia. Presence of OCD may have a negative effect on the long-term course of schizophrenia. Nearly a third of schizophrenia patients report OC symptoms or OCD. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and OCD are not uncommon in schizophrenia. The specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) traditionally used to treat OCD may induce switch to mania or rapid cycling course. It is important to recognise OCD-bipolar comorbidity because of treatment implications. OCD when comorbid with bipolar disorder tends to run an episodic course with worsening of symptoms in depressive phases and improvement in hypomania/ mania phases. ![]() Similarly, OCD is not uncommon in those with primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Hoarding disorder which may not share many features with OCD is grouped along with OCD because of historical association with OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.īipolar disorder, in particular type 2, is reported to be not uncommon in OCD. All these disorders are grouped together based on shared clinical features (e.g., repetitive behaviours), comorbidity patterns, familiality, neuropsychological deficits, treatment response and importantly shared brain circuitry abnormalities. ![]() In the upcoming ICD-11, few other conditions find a place in this group that include tic disorders, hypochondriasis and olfactory reference syndrome. Many disorders are included in this group: body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (TTM), skin picking disorder, hoarding disorder, substance/medication-Induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder and obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition. This criterion too may be removed paving the way to make a diagnosis of OCD even in the presence of these comorbid disorders.Īnother major change to the diagnosis of OCD is creation of OCD and related disorders in DSM-5 (and in the ICD-11) and exit from the group of anxiety disorders. In ICD-10, a diagnosis of OCD was discouraged in the presence of schizophrenia, tic disorder or depression. Duration criteria and subtyping of OCD may be removed in the revision for lack of evidence and clinical relevance. There are sweeping changes to the description of OCD in the proposed ICD-11. The ICD-11 may include an insight specifier along the same lines as DSM-5. The ICD-11 criteria for OCD are likely to be very similar to the DSM-5 criteria. This is reflected in DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD and in the upcoming ICD-11. A diagnosis of OCD is made only if symptoms are time consuming (e.g., more than an hour per day), distressing or cause significant interference in functioning. Many people experience intrusive thoughts and exhibit repetitive behaviours.
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